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The Enigma Music absolute

absolute pitch has been studied since the late nineteenth century. And today is defined as the ability to identify precise height of a sound without having to use a reference note, which is usually the LA, but despite you understand what constitutes both sides are still some absolute ear remain obscure.
Early research focused on its origin, according to some it was an inborn attitude, for others it was rather a skill can be acquired at any age, and the two currents are countered bitterly. Experiment produced no convincing results, However, today we agree that perfect pitch can be learned up to a certain age, because, as you develop the sensitivity to distinguish colors, learning the names, the child may be able to recognize the notes with their names . In the social context in which we live, however, this capacity is absolutely useless, except for the musicians, and children are not taught to distinguish the sounds and the growth this ability can no longer be developed. According to a study conducted in 1969 to Sergeant on a base of more than a thousand musicians, 92.6% of those who had begun to study an instrument or music theory between 2 and 4 years had the ear ever, while among those who had begun between 12 and 14 years musical training, only 6% possessed him. Early learning is more effective and more is that the threshold is the boundary would be around the eleventh year of age.
The genetic theory, that the ability can be transmitted genetically from father to son is not confirmed however, because in most cases the performers or musicians with perfect pitch have a family member who developed the same characteristic.
Who has perfect pitch does not have a level of hearing sensitivity more than those who did not have it, not showing a more refined perception of the heights of sound. The accuracy In granting its instrument in Hertz has nothing to do with perfect pitch, which is the fruit of good storage and the height of the sound of his name. Often the musicians fully recognize the sounds of their instrument by force of habit do not have a perfect pitch but I am in trouble when you change the instrument. Furthermore, the difficulty to recognize a sound for the musicians than for non-musicians is doubled if we consider pure tones without harmonics and more rare in nature, rather than complex ones can be like those produced by normal instruments. According to a study of Miyazaki, 1989, holders of absolute pitch can easily recognize all frequencies between 131 and 988Hz, especially the LA and the DO. The margin of error is logged in the order of a semitone, while many of the inaccuracies increase the altered notes. There is therefore a hierarchy of sound, so it is easier to recognize the key of C major because it is the most widely used in the exercises, especially those of beginners.
Since 1846, speaking of sounds has distinguished between two main features, creating the so-called two-dimensional model of the height: the tone height, which corresponds to the fundamental frequency of the sound, tone and chroma, which is the location of the sound to ' Internal octave, so it was possible to understand that sounds an octave apart retain common characteristics, the absolute owner of the ear would be able to identify these traits with no other terms of comparison. In contrast, the musicians without perfect pitch are not able to distinguish them.
In recognition of popular melodies, however, the tone chroma and tone height lose all meaning, they are recognized even if transposed to one or two octaves. On the contrary this does not happen if only a couple of notes are transported to a different octave, so the tone chroma proves not essential for the perception of a melody, it is rather a succession of intervals: in fact, once altered the course of if a musical theme inability to recognize it. Even the absolute owner
ear has a certain degree of tolerance for a note, for example, LA3, is not perceived by a single frequency, 440Hz in this case, but in a much narrower frequency band ranging amplitude depending on the individual.
When a false note is played on the piano the ear recognizes it immediately, but the dissonance can not be perceived if the sound frequency does not depart too much from the correct note, in fact, even those with perfect pitch receives only discordant notes if the note is different in the order of a range of about a semitone and adaptability of the ear to a certain type of sound in situations where you listen with pleasure to Bach's music performed with period instruments granted to 415.
who does not possess absolute pitch can still develop relative pitch, a term used to designate the ability to identify the interval between two notes and to identify a single sound from a set with a more complex procedure and not immediate. The first calls into question the long-term memory, the second is based on short-term memory, the process, which is based on associations of musical ideas drawn from recent experiences, it is slower but no less precise. While the absolute possessors are able to calculate analytically intervals, to name notes and chords on the first try relying on memory, they have difficulty in transposing melodies when forced to rely on perceptions and thus do not have a perception of the other synthetic, which can turn into a handicap for a professional.